To switch normality, most of the ratio study have been switched before analyses

A standardized, cumulative list away from cross-exercise try computed per mix of maternal forest and you will pollen donor, based on adult fruit put, seed products germination, and survivorship and you will development https://m.blog.hu/am/amazonsims/image/07-15-18_11-46-29_am.png“ alt=“rendez-vous sans gluten“> of seedlings. For every single variety, mixed-model study regarding difference was utilized to assess the effects out-of crossing therapy (repaired perception; which have maternal tree incorporated while the a random perception) on the portion of hands-pollinated herbs form adult good fresh fruit, rates of vegetables germination and you will seedling survivorship, seedling size during the step 1 year, and you may collective exercise. Multiple models have been examined having fun with ANOVA: (a) together with most of the solutions, (b) excluding unbalanced treatments, to permit investigations out of correspondence terms, (c) without selfing medication (because maternal woods have been mainly or completely worry about-incompatible), and you will (d) collection all contained in this-Sinharaja outcrossing services to evaluate the effect out-of within- versus. between-forest crossing. The end result regarding crossing point on every parameter was subsequent checked using linear or quadratic regression studies, with regards to the form of the connection. Lastly, for each and every maternal tree, the results away from nearest-neighbors and enough time-range mating was in fact projected courtesy indices regarding biparental inbreeding depression and you will outbreeding depression, correspondingly, based on collective fitness opinions.

Syzygium rubicundum

Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F_dos,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).

Shorea cordifolia

Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; F_2,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.